Plastic granules play a critical role as one of the key raw materials in the plastics industry. By becoming familiar with the types of plastic granules and their applications, we can be more successful in choosing the right materials for different projects. In materials science, polymers, and plastics are known as raw materials that have wide uses in various industries due to their unique properties. One of the important divisions of polymers based on their thermal behavior is related to thermoplastics and thermosets. These two types of polymers each have their characteristics and applications, understanding which can greatly help improve industrial and manufacturing processes.
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Thermoplastics are polymers that become soft and malleable at high temperatures and remain rigid and hard at low temperatures. This property allows them to be heated several times and then return to their original state. For this reason, thermoplastics can be easily used in processes such as injection molding, blow molding, and extrusion. In contrast to thermoplastics, thermosets are polymers that cannot be reshaped after heating and curing. These types of plastics are formed once at high temperatures, and their mechanical and thermal properties are then permanently fixed. Therefore, these polymers cannot be remelted after being formed.
High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Granules are a type of recyclable thermoplastic polymer obtained from the polymerization of ethylene. This plastic has a wide range of applications in various industries due to its unique properties. This product, code number 2, is a hard and durable polymer material. HDPE is used to produce plastic bottles, pipes, and household products. This type of plastic is very popular due to its tensile and compressive strength, high chemical resistance, and impact compared to PET.
Outstanding Features of High-Density Polyethylene Granules
Applications of High-Density Polyethylene Granules
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Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the most important and widely used synthetic polymers in the world. PVC is a hard, colorless material at room temperature, but its properties can be greatly modified by adding various additives and made into various forms, including soft and flexible. Polyvinyl chloride is a thermoplastic polymer that is composed of repeating units of vinyl chloride. Its chemical formula is C2H3Cl, which indicates the presence of two carbon atoms, three hydrogen atoms, and one chlorine atom in each repeating unit. Due to the presence of a chlorine atom in its structure, this material has excellent resistance properties against fire, acids, and various chemicals. Polyvinyl chloride is produced in various ways, one of the most common of which is the polymerization of vinyl chloride. This process is usually carried out in two ways:
Polyvinyl chloride has a wide range of applications in various industries. The most important applications of PVC are:
Polypropylene plastic was first synthesized in by Italian chemist Corio Nata at the University of Milan. This type of polymer is known as a cost-effective and lightweight alternative to polyethylene and quickly attracted the attention of various industries. Since then, polypropylene has undergone significant improvements in production and processing and has become one of the most popular options in the manufacture of various products.
PP is one of the most widely used and important thermoplastic polymers that is used in various industries due to its unique properties. This polymer is produced from the polymerization of propylene and is available in the form of plastic granules. PP molecules are composed of long, linear chains that are linked together. These chains are more regular than polyethylene (PE), which gives PP better mechanical properties.
Types of PP
PP can be divided into different types based on its molecular structure and properties, including:
Advantages and disadvantages of PP
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Polystyrene is one of the most widely used thermoplastic polymers, which is used in various industries due to its unique properties. PS is composed of repeating units of styrene. Styrene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C8H8, which consists of a benzene ring and an alkene double bond. During the polymerization process, styrene units are linked together to form long chains of polystyrene.
Types of Polystyrene
Polystyrene can be divided into different types based on its production method and properties, including:
• General polystyrene (GPPS): This type of polystyrene is transparent and hard and is used in the production of disposable containers, toys, and electronic components.
• High-impact polystyrene (HIPS): Impact-resistant polystyrene is produced by adding a rubber material to general polystyrene. This type of polystyrene is used in the production of refrigerators, freezers, and car parts.
• Expanded polystyrene (EPS): This type of polystyrene contains gas and is produced in the form of foam. EPS is an excellent thermal and acoustic insulator and is used in construction, packaging and insulation.
Due to its special properties, polystyrene is used in various industries and applications:
Group number 7 Plastics refers to a group of polymers that do not fall into groups 1 through 6. These materials are commonly known as “other plastics.” Since these plastics include a wide range of materials, their properties and functions are also diverse and specific. Due to the great variety of plastics and their compositions, it is not possible to create a precise classification for all of them. Many plastic products are made from different compositions of plastics.
What plastics are in Group nubmer 7?
One reason for the diversity of plastics is the difference in their physical and chemical properties. Some plastics are light and flexible, while others are hard and strong. These properties depend on the type of application they are used for. For example, soft and flexible plastics such as PVC are commonly used in the plumbing and coatings industry, while hard plastics such as polycarbonate are used to make hardware components and protect electronic equipment.
Originally published on fastradius.com on April 19,
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Polypropylene and polyamide — commonly known as nylon — are two common plastics for manufacturing end-use parts. Plastics are made from bonded polymers and can be naturally occurring or synthetic. Synthetic polymers are derived from chemically bonding monomers together using heat, pressure, and catalysis.
Nylon and polypropylene are among the most popular synthetic plastics for manufacturing due to their malleability, versatility, and resistance to physical stress. Designers and engineers should understand the key differences between polypropylene and nylon in order to determine which synthetic polymer is best suited for a given project.
Although both polypropylene and nylon are synthetic polymers, their chemical structures differ in a few important ways. These factors contribute to their differences in qualities, characteristics, and use cases.
Polypropylene is an addition polymer, meaning that it is the result of joining monomers together through simple additive reactions with no byproducts created. Nylon, on the other hand, is a condensation polymer in which water molecules are expelled as polyamide monomers combine.
Nylon and polypropylene are very similar, but due to variances in their individual structures, there are some significant distinctions you should consider when selecting polypropylene vs. nylon.
While polypropylene and nylon share some important characteristics, their mechanical specifications differ in a few important ways.
Both nylon and polypropylene are durable and resistant to stress, but polypropylene is stronger than nylon. In fact, polypropylene is sometimes referred to as the “steel of plastics” due to its high strength. Polypropylene can withstand intense physical stress and corrosion caused by the sun, mold, bacteria, rot, and oils. It is also highly moisture-resistant, meaning polypropylene is also resistant to electricity. Along with its strength, polypropylene can change color during production and even become transparent. This quality, along with polypropylene’s weldability, provides teams with a high degree of design flexibility.
Thanks to its low melt viscosity, polypropylene offers strength and elasticity. A low melt viscosity enables materials to be easily used in injection molding, which relies on heating pellets of thermoplastic resin until they are molten, allowing for injection, molding, and cooling. Polypropylene pellets have lower melt viscosity than nylon, opening polypropylene up to more injection molding opportunities and capabilities.
Nylon, as noted by its higher melt viscosity, is more heat-resistant than polypropylene. Nylon is also a low-friction plastic, which makes it ideal for creating parts used in high-friction industrial applications. In these applications, nylon will maintain its shape and functionality without requiring much lubrication or maintenance. Nylon also supports good durability and electrical resistance, making nylon pieces excellent electrical insulators.
Nylon is more malleable than polypropylene and can offer product teams greater design flexibility. This malleability enables nylon components to bend instead of break when exposed to stress, so engineers can create complex shapes that will not crack during or after manufacturing.
Finally, it’s worth noting that both nylon and polypropylene are available in FDA-complaint grades. As such, product teams designing parts for the food and beverage sector or the medical industry can take advantage of the benefits offered by polypropylene and nylon.
Since nylon is an excellent insulator, it is often used to insulate electric cables and replace aluminum components in engines. Polypropylene, on the other hand, is frequently used in car batteries and semiconductor components due to its water and solvent-deflecting abilities. Thanks to its durability and stress resistance, polypropylene is also used in chemical tanks and plating as well as laboratory equipment.
Nylon’s malleability enables reheating and remolding, which makes it a prime choice for design prototyping. Nylon is also a low-friction plastic, perfect for many parts that endure resistance like wheels, seals, gaskets, and rollers. Although polypropylene is less flexible than nylon, it can deform without breaking from stress, which also makes it an ideal material for moving components such as hinges or gears.
When it comes to manufacturing, both nylon and polypropylene can both be used for injection molding. Since polypropylene pellets have a lower melt viscosity than nylon pellets, polypropylene can be easier to utilize in injection molding techniques. Due to its high heat capabilities, nylon — particularly Nylon 12 — is a good candidate for additive manufacturing as well as injection molding.
Neither polypropylene nor nylon is naturally UV-resistant. However, because nylon can be combined with other chemical additives, you can more easily mitigate the risk of UV damage than with polypropylene. One significant limitation of nylon is its high absorption of water, which can drastically change a component’s stability post-production. Unfortunately, nylons that have greater flexibility and impact resistance are often more prone to water absorption.
On the other hand, since polypropylene has almost no absorption tendencies, it is generally quite difficult to bond with other materials. In fact, polypropylene is so slippery that it’s nearly impossible to paint on. Nylon, on the other hand, offers more finishing and post-production options due to its surface texture. Further, polypropylene is prone to corrosion through oxidation and interaction with chlorinated solvents.
Polypropylene and nylon (or polyamide) are two similar synthetic plastics with a few key differences. Nylon is low-friction, more malleable, and can withstand higher temperatures, making it ideal for prototyping and manufacturing components that will be subject to resistance. Polypropylene is stronger than nylon and more resistant to physical stress, making it ideal for high-resistance equipment.
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